Primary Day turnout will also be a factor in a race that could come down to whether Andrew Cuomo’s union supporters and paid staff can fend off Zohran Mamdani’s volunteer army.

The Trump administration remains committed to deporting Mr. Khalil, a Columbia graduate and leading figure in the pro-Palestinian protest movement.

An effort to expel students the administration says are a national security threat has given way to a broad campaign that touches many corners of American life.

Zohran Mamdani, who is second to Andrew M. Cuomo in the polls, was rebuffed in his bid to raise his spending cap. It did not stop his seven-hour trek down Manhattan.